Corrections Retraction and Withdrawal Policy

Maintaining the scholarly record

The Bridge Review addresses errors and integrity concerns transparently and proportionately. Authors and readers should report concerns promptly to editor@bridgereview.org, identifying the article or submission and providing supporting information. Editorial action aims to keep the record accurate and may be necessary whether a problem arose from honest error or misconduct.

Corrections

A correction is appropriate when a defined error can be addressed without undermining the overall reliability of the article. Examples include an incorrect value, material omission, inaccurate affiliation, or missing disclosure. Substantive corrections receive a dated notice linked to the article that explains what changed. We avoid silent replacement of material findings. Minor typographical or formatting fixes that do not affect meaning may be made without a separate notice, while material updates remain traceable.

Expressions of concern

An expression of concern may be issued when credible questions about reliability remain unresolved, an investigation is pending, or available evidence is inconclusive. It states the nature of the concern without presenting unproven allegations as established facts. The notice is updated when a sufficiently supported outcome is available.

Retractions

Retraction may be appropriate where findings are substantially unreliable, there is serious plagiarism or redundant publication, the work was conducted unethically, or compromised review or other serious problems make the publication untrustworthy. The editor assesses the evidence and seeks an author response where practicable. Authors may request retraction, but author agreement is not required for a necessary editorial action.

A retraction notice identifies the article, who is retracting it, the reason, and whether authors agree when known. It is freely available and linked to the article. The article ordinarily remains accessible, clearly marked as retracted, so the record can be understood. Notices avoid unnecessary personal information or unsupported accusations.

Withdrawal before publication and exceptional removal

Before publication, the corresponding author may request withdrawal, explaining the reason and confirming coauthor agreement. The journal confirms the status in writing; authors should obtain confirmation before submitting elsewhere. There is no withdrawal fee. Already published work is handled through correction or retraction rather than being treated as an unpublished withdrawal.

Removal of published content is exceptional, such as when necessary to comply with a legal obligation or address serious privacy or safety harm. Where possible, a bibliographic record and explanatory notice remain. Corrections or retractions do not revoke rights already granted under an applicable open license. Appeals follow the Complaints and Appeals Policy.